Previously we reviewed two topics - industrial ethernet and safety [1] with the objective of trying to see what role exists for modern industrial communication technologies in particular the process industries. We specifically considered the role that Profisafe may play. In this article we consider two case studies of how networked safety has benefitted from Profinet and Profisafe.

Take note:
*AIDA is striving to ensure that industrial communication systems are optimised, and to learn from the fieldbus wars of the 1990s.
*Manufacturers must now re-assess the role that safety plays in their production strategy.
*Profisafe supports safety-related information in Profibus and Profinet.

About the author:
Hertzog Makete has a Higher National Diploma in electrical engineering from Wits Technikon. He has more than 10 years application experience in the field of Profibus and was trained in Germany at the Interface Centre Laboratory for Profibus/Profinet. Hertzog currently holds the position of service and support manager in the Automation and Drives division of Siemens and is responsible for technical support, warranties, returns, repairs and field service. He is also a technical adviser for the Profibus User Group South Africa (PUGSA).
Hertzog can be contacted on (011) 652 2000 or hertzog@makete@siemens.com

Pratley bottom entry cable junction box
Revolutionary rail-mounted terminal block marking
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This article describes the evaluation of new harmonic calculation software. By using a combination of a prestored database and new interpolation techniques the software can provide the harmonic data on real applications of a very fast speed. The harmonic results obtained with this software have acceptable precision even with limited input data. The evaluation concludes that this approach is very practical compared to other advanced harmonic analysis methods. The results are supported by comparisons of calculations and masurements given in an industrial application.

Take note:
*Harmonic performance can be accurately simulated
*Many software packages are available to allow harmonic analysis
*Toolboxes are used to facilitate easy and accurate simulation
*Simple, new tools, provide results that compare with the most well known commercial packages

About the author:
Steffan Hansen received his MSc degree in electrical engineering in 1996 from Aalborg University, Denmark, where he is currently working toward his PhD degree in an industrial fellowship supported by Danfoss Drives A/S and the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences. Since 1996, he has been with Danfoss Drives A/S, Graasten, Denmark.
Lucian Asiminoaei and Frede Blaabjerg are both with the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg SE, Denmark.
More information can be obtained locally at Danfoss (011) 803 8390.

The football World Cup was in full swing last year and fans all over the world enjoyed the matches on their private TVs and public large-format video screens. The broadcasting networks used the latest and best technology that money can buy to ensure that their viewers felt as close to the action as was possible. In the networks' outside broadcast units (see Figure 1) reliable cooling systems were essential to make sure that both the equipment and the staff could keep working with maximum efficiency when things start to get hot, both inside and outside the stadiums. The powerful and very compact air conditioning systems installed in the broadcasting trucks were regulated by micro-controllers (see Figure 2).

Take note:
*Electronic systems can mal-operate unless properly cooled
*Creating the correct operating conditions is critical for electronic systems and for people
*PLC control is essential for modern, complex, air conditioning and heating systems

About the author:
Stefan Kessler is contributing editor of the trade magazine elektro Automation. This article was compiled by him for CBI-electric: low voltage.
For enquiries regarding the article please contact Shaun Loesch, product manager, CBI-electric: low voltage, (011) 928 2000.

Modular connection series from Lapp
Professional CO measuring instrument with data logger
Communication solutions for electrical monitoring systems

If you have an interest in climate change and global warming, you have probably heard about the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This is a 'flexible mechanism' developed under the Kyoto Protocol, and is the topic of this article.

Take note:
*CDM is designed to encourage the development of a market in carbon credits
*CDM offers a unique opportunity to add value to renewable energy projects
*67% of current approved and registered CDM projects are RE projects
*CDM offers a source of supplementary revenue for RE projects in South Africa

Dr Deoffrey Stiles is currently the Managing Director for the Southern Africa Office of Marbek Resource Consultants Ltd, a Canadian firm of energy and environmental specialists. From April 2002 through June 2005, he was Project Manager of the CBLA Greenhouse Gas Mitigation project, funded by the Canadian Climate Change Development Fund. This project provided services including capacity building and greenhouse gas assessment to industries in South Africa and Mozambique, and was instrumental in developing a major voluntary initiative on energy efficiency in South African industry as well as several publications and training programmes on the subject of energy efficiency and the Clean Development Mechanism.
Dr Stile scan be contacted at geoff@cbla.org.za

In industry today we can no longer rely on traditional sources of energy. The challenge is great. A similar argument applies to our personal lives.
This article argues that, ""By the year 2060 the world should depend mainly on solar energy for its energy supply"". A lot needs to be done to make this happen, particularly the building of large scale solar electrical generating plants. At the same time we must do everything possible to reduce carbon and other harmful emissions, increase awareness and apply energy efficient measures to all current applications.

Take note:
*Solar energy has the potential to provide the bulk of the world's energy needs, starting now
*From 1984 the solar plant in the Mojae Desert has been producing about 354MW of power
*Historically, the primary factor leading to the adoption of renewable energy sources is governmental intervention
*The entire energy needs of the USA could be met by a 250x250 km solar plant

Geoff W Douglas has his BSc, MSc, FIPlantE, MIMechE, UK. He was employed with A Reyrolle & Company Manufacturers of Electrical Switchgear and gained 35 years practical experinece in Fiji, Malawi and Botswana. Geoff's current activities include teaching and research in engineering design, plant engineering, energy and health and safety within the mechanical engineering department of the University of Botswana.
Geoff can be contacted at tel:+ 267 355 4413 or douglass@mopipi.ub.bw

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Manage your energy using the internet

Laughs and tension at CBI's 2006 SMS promotion finale
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Oxygen measurement is critical to a variety of processes ranging from food processing to component production. The way in which it is measured has changed as technology progressed, with the latest improvement coming in the observation and monitoring of cell culture levels. Signal digitalisation and transmission will play an equally important role in the oxygen meter of the future. Take note:
*Oxygen measurement is one of the most critical in a variety of processes
*Modern sensors have a potential to reach increasingly higher levels of sensitivity
*The latest oxygen sensor, the Oxymax COS21D, digitises measured values directly, avoiding interference from a transmitter

About the author:
Chantel Maree currently holds the position of product manager - Analysis at Endress+Hauser. Chantel was previously employed by SA Paper Chemicals in the leather division as a technical service engineer. She holds a B-Tech in Chemical Engineering from the university of Tshwane as well as a Bachelors degree in Chemical Engineering from Saxion-Hogenschool, Enschede in the Netherlands.

In the past few years, the installation of sensors and actuators has undergone several different evolutionary stages. The key to success for users, both from a technical and financial viewpoint lies in choosing the most appropriate technologies. Lets' see what we mean.

Take note:
*The right combination is crucial
*Cabling, and in particular connecting up, is tedious and time consuming
*IP65/67 installations pose particular challenges, which are easily met with new technologies

About the author:
Christian Gemke has a Dip.Ing and MSc. He currently holds a position in the business unit automation department at Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co, Blomberg, Germay.
Franz-Josef Niebur has a Dip.Ing and currently holds a position in the business unit interface department at Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co, Blomberg, Germany.
More information can be locally obtained from Bruce Patton who is the product manager for Clipline at Phoenix Contact (011) 801 8200 or brucep@phoenixcontact.co.za

Liquid mass flow sensors for OEM application
Senix TSL series level sensors
Factor 1 sensor in Q12 housing
New generation retroreflective photoelectric sensors
Transducers for process control

All major sites have power transformers feeding various systems. At one end of the scale, energy supply and distribution authorities view these as critical components. But no manufacturing or process industry of any significant size can operate without them either. These are critical components and must be maintained.

Take note:
*Routine hit and miss analysis is not appropriate for critical equipment like power transformers
*Appropriate asset management procedures are a big part of overall risk management at a site
*An effective asset management solution assists plant personnel in making timely decisions regarding maintenance

About the author:
Dependra Ambelal currently holds the position of account manager: Eskom at Honeywell Southern Africa. Dependra has compiled the article from existing material at Honeywell.
Dependra can be contacted on dependra.ambelal@honeywell.com

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