South Africa is positioning itself as a global leader in green hydrogen production, with the government spearheading initiatives to attract investment and develop infrastructure in this burgeoning sector. While the environmental and economic benefits are substantial, the inherent fire and life safety risks associated with hydrogen infrastructure necessitate careful consideration.
The South African government has identified green hydrogen as a key component of its energy transition strategy. In 2023, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced the launch of the SA-H2 Fund, aiming to secure $1 billion in funding to develop green hydrogen projects through public-private partnerships. The initiative is supported by international partners, including the Netherlands and Denmark, and is expected to stimulate economic growth and job creation.
In addition, the European Union has pledged €32 million in grants to support South Africa’s green hydrogen plans. These funds are intended to enhance infrastructure, such as railways, ports, and pipelines, and to develop the green hydrogen value chain.
Despite the promising outlook, experts caution that the rapid development of hydrogen infrastructure brings unique safety challenges. Hydrogen is highly flammable, and its small molecular size makes it prone to leaks. Furthermore, hydrogen fires are nearly invisible, complicating detection and response efforts.
About 25% of hydrogen fires reportedly result from leaks, emphasising the necessity for proper handling and the implementation of appropriate fire safety and detection equipment. Moreover, the lack of experienced operators and the repurposing of existing facilities for hydrogen use may exacerbate safety risks. Ensuring consistent sources of renewable energy is also critical, as power interruptions can lead to business losses and potential safety hazards.
Michael van Niekerk, CEO of ASP Fire, underscores the importance of integrating fire safety considerations into the planning and development of hydrogen infrastructure. “The unique properties of hydrogen require a comprehensive approach to fire safety. It is imperative that safety measures are not an afterthought but a fundamental component of infrastructure development,” urges van Niekerk.
He advocates for the adoption of advanced safety technologies, including predictive analytics and integrated safety systems, to monitor and mitigate risks effectively. He also stresses the need for specialised training for personnel involved in hydrogen projects to ensure a thorough understanding of the associated hazards.
As South Africa advances its green hydrogen agenda, balancing the drive for economic and environmental benefits with the imperative of safety is crucial. Proactive measures, informed by expert insights and international best practices, will be essential in mitigating fire and life safety risks, ensuring the sustainable and secure development of the hydrogen sector.
